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Operators

An alphabetical list of all expression operators.

Addition +

Operator: +

The Addition operator + is used to add several values.

The values can be of the following type:

text
number
duration
datetime
concept
concept_set

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns a new value that is the result of adding value1 and value2.

The type of the resulting value is dependent on the types of value1 and value2:

text + text returns a text
number + number returns a number
duration + duration returns a duration
datetime + duration returns a datetime
concept + concept returns a concept_set
concept + concept_set returns a concept_set
concept_set + concept_set returns a concept_set

value1 + value2

"Hello" + ", " + "world"=> "Hello, world"

15 + 8 + 7 => 30

'1d' + '6h' + '30m' => 1 day, 6 hours and 30 minutes

Today() + '1d' => tomorrow

'concept1' + 'concept2' => { 'concept1', 'concept2' }

Division /

Operator: /

The Division operator / is used to divide one value by another.

The values can be of the following type:

number
duration

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns a new value that is the result of the division of value1 by value2.

The type of the resulting value is dependent on the types of value1 and value2:

number / number returns a number
duration / number returns a duration
duration / duration returns a number

value1 / value2

35 / 7 => 5

'12d' / 24=> 12 hours

'1m' / '1s'=> 60

10 / 0=> unknown

Equality =

Operator: =

The Equality operator = is used to check whether two values are equal.

The values can be of any type, as long as the operator is applied to values of the same type.

In case of text-comparison, the equality check ignores cases (upper/lowercase) and diacritics (accents).

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns Yes when Value1 is equal to Value2

Returns No when Value1 is not equal to Value2

If any of the parameters is unknown, the result is unknown.

value1 = value2

35 = 35=> Yes

"Hello World?" = "Hello, World" => No

"abcde" = "ABCDE" => Yes

Equality-strong ==

Operator: ==

The Strict- or Strong Equality operator == is used to check if one text "strictly" equals another text. This check is case-sensitive and also checks diacritics (accents).

This strong equal check is done using double equal-signs "==" and can only be used to compare text values.

This function is NOT SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns Yes if text_a strictly equals text_b.

Returns No if text_a is not strictly equal to text_b.

text_a == text_b

"Hello World?" == "Hello, World"=> No

"abcdEFGê!" == "abcdEFGê!"=> Yes

"abcdEFGê" == "abcdEFGe"=> No

Greater-than >

Operator: >

The Greater Than operator > is used to compare two values and to check whether a value is greater than the other. The > operator can be used to compare values of the following types:

text
number
duration
datetime
concept
reference

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

The result of the > operator is true or false. The result is True whenValue1 is greater than Value2. The result is False when Value1 is not greater than Value2.

number > number
text > text returns (alphabetical comparison, case insensitive)
datetime > datetime
duration > duration
concept > concept (applies to the order of concepts)
reference > reference

If any of the operands is unknown, the result is also unknown. If operands are not of the same type, the "expression type mismatch" warning is displayed.

value1 > value2

35 > 35=> No

1234 > 2345 => No

"text2" > "text1" => Yes

(Today() + '1d') > UTCNow() => Yes

'12d' > '20m' => Yes

'Product categories'.'Monitor' > 'Product categories'.'Phone' => No (in the order of concepts, Monitor comes first)

[Data.CurrentUser] > [OtherUser] => Yes (if current-user-id > other-user-id)

Greater-than-or-equal >=

Operator: >=

The Greater Than Or Equal operator >= is used to compare two values and to check whether a value is greater than, or equal to the other. The >= operator can be used to compare values of the following types:

text
number
duration
datetime
concept
reference

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

The result of the >= operator is true or false. The result is True whenValue1 is greater than or equal to Value2. The result is False when Value1 is not greater than or equal to Value2.

number >= number
text >= text returns (alphabetical comparison, case insensitive)
datetime >= datetime
duration >= duration
concept >= concept (applies to the order of concepts)
reference >= reference

If any of the operands is unknown, the result is also unknown. If operands are not of the same type, the "expression type mismatch" warning is displayed.

value1 >= value2

35 >= 35=> Yes

1234 >= 2345 => No

"text2" >= "text1" => Yes

(Today() + '1d') >= UTCNow() => Yes

'12d' >= '20m' => Yes

'Product categories'.'Monitor' >= 'Product categories'.'Phone' => No (in the order of concepts, Monitor comes first)

[Data.CurrentUser] >= [OtherUser] => Yes (if current-user-id >= other-user-id)

If-unknown ?

Operator: ?

The If-Unknown operator ? checks whether a value is unknown.

If the value is not unknown (it has a specific value), that value is returned. If it is unknown, the second value is returned.

The If-Unknown operator can be used on any WEM-type: all WEM-types can be unknown - so they also can be checked for unknown and in that case the second operand should be used. Both operands must be of the same type.

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns Value1 if it is not unknown. Otherwise Value2 is returned.

value1 ? value2

text ? "Please enter a value"=>If `text` is unknown then the result is "please enter a value". If `text` is not unknown then `text`' is the result.

unknownnumber ? 0 => 0

unknowntext ? "some text" => "some text"

unknownboolean ? false => false

unknowndatetime ? Now() => result of now() - current date and time

unknownconcept ? 'concept1' => 'concept1'

unknownreference ? [CurrentUserRef] => [CurrentUserRef]

"" ? 0 => expression type mismatch

Inversion -

Operator: -

The inversion operator - is applied to a value in order to negate the value. The value can be of the following type:

number
duration

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns the inversed (reversed) value of value. When the values before and after the inversion are combined in an addition, the result should be zero.

-value

-5 + 5=> 0

-(5+5) => -10

-('12d') => 0 seconds (duration on itself cannot be negative)

Today() + (-'12d') => 12 days before today

Less-than <

Operator: <

The Less Than operator < is used to compare two values and to check whether a value is less than the other. The < operator can be used to compare values of the following types:

text
number
duration
datetime
concept
reference

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

The result of the < operator is true or false. The result is True whenValue1 is less than or equal to Value2. The result is False when Value1 is not less than or equal to Value2.

number <= number
text <= text returns (alphabetical comparison, case insensitive)
datetime <= datetime
duration <= duration
concept <= concept (applies to the order of concepts)
reference <= reference

If any of the operands is unknown, the result is also unknown. If operands are not of the same type, the "expression type mismatch" warning is displayed.

value1 < value2

35 < 35=> No

234 < 2345 => Yes

"text1" < "text2" => Yes

Today() < UTCNow() => Yes

'12d' < '350m' => No

'Product categories'.'Monitor' < 'Product categories'.'Phone' => Yes (in the order of concepts, Monitor comes first)

[Data.CurrentUser] < [OtherUser] => Yes (if current-user-id < other-user-id)

Less-than-or-equal <=

Operator: <=

The Less Than Or Equal operator <= is used to compare two values and to check whether a value is less than, or equal to the other. The <= operator can be used to compare values of the following types:

text
number
duration
datetime
concept
reference

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

The result of the <= operator is true or false. The result is True whenValue1 is less than or equal to Value2. The result is False when Value1 is not less than or equal to Value2.

number <= number
text <= text returns (alphabetical comparison, case insensitive)
datetime <= datetime
duration <= duration
concept <= concept (applies to the order of concepts)
reference <= reference

If any of the operands is unknown, the result is also unknown. If operands are not of the same type, the "expression type mismatch" warning is displayed.

value1 <= value2

35 <= 35=> Yes

1234 <= 345 => No

"text1" <= "text2" => Yes

Today() <= UTCNow() => Yes

'12d' <= '350m' => No

'Product categories'.'Monitor' <= 'Product categories'.'Phone' => Yes (in the order of concepts, Monitor comes first)

[Data.CurrentUser] <= [OtherUser] => Yes (if current-user-id <= other-user-id)

Logical-and &, and

Operator: & , and

The logical operator & (and) checks if two conditions both evaluate to true. The operators & and and can both be used and are exactly the same.

If used together with the logical or operator, the precedence is important: and takes precedence over or. We strongly advice to use (parentheses) to correctly group these logical statements.

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

The result is a Yes/No value, depending on the check

if Condition1 evaluates to true AND Condition2 evaluates to true, only then Yes is returned.
all other evaluations result in No

condition1 & condition2

(6=6) & ("Hello world" = "Hello world")=> Yes

false & false => No

false & true => No

true & true => Yes

true & "text" => expression type mismatch

condition1 and condition2

(6=6) and ("Hello world" = "Hello world")=> Yes

false and true or false => No

false and true or true => Yes

(false and true) or true => Yes

false and (true or true) => No

Logical-not !, not

Operator: ! , not

The logical operator ! , not can be used to inverse a logical condition or boolean value (Yes/No). If the condition evaluates to unknown, the inverse is also (still) unknown.

The operators ! and not can both be used and are exactly the same.

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns a value that is the inverse of the original condition.

!condition

!True=> No

! (true or false) => No

! (true and false) => Yes

! (unknownboolean) => unknown

! 123 => expression type mismatch

not condition

not True=> No

not (true or false) => No

not (true and false) => Yes

Logical-or |, or

Operator: | , or

The logical operator | (or) checks if at least one of two conditions evaluates to true. The operators | and or can both be used and are exactly the same.

If used together with the logical and operator, the precedence is important: and takes precedence over or. We strongly advice to use (parentheses) to correctly group these logical statements.

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns a Yes/No value, depending on the check

If Condition1 and Condition2 both evaluate to false, then No is returned.
if Condition1 or Condition2 evaluates to true, then Yes is returned.

condition1 | condition2

(6=6) | ("Hello world" = "Hello world")=> Yes

false | false => No

false | true => Yes

true | "text" => expression type mismatch

condition1 or condition2

(6=6) or ("Hello world" = "Hello you")=> Yes

false and true or false => No

false and true or true => Yes

(false and true) or true => Yes

false and (true or true) => No

Modulo %

Operator: %

The modulo operator % gives the remainder of a division.

WIKI:

This function is NOT SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns a number that is the remaining result after number1 is divided by number2.

number1 % number2

37 % 7=> 2

25 % 0 => NaN (not a number)

25 % '1d' => expression type mismatch

Multiplication *

Operator: *

The multiplication operator * is used to multiply several values. The values can be of the following type:

number
duration

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our .

Returns a new value that is the result of multiplying value1 and value2. The type of the value depends on the types of value1 and value2:

number * number returns a number
number * duration returns a duration
duration * number returns a duration

value1 * value2

37 * 7=> 259

24 * '1h' => 1 day

'2m' * 30 => 1 hour

'1d' * '2h'=> expression type mismatch

Power ^

Operator: ^

The Power operator (or exponentiation) ^ is used to calculate a number raised to a given power.

There is also a Power Function that can be used: Pow(value, power).

This function is NOT SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns a number that is the result of number1 raised to a given power (number2).

If any of the operands is an unknown-number, the result is unknown. If any of the operands is not a number, expression editor yields a type mismatch warning.

value1 ^ value2

3 ^ 3=> 27

1234 ^ 1234 => infinity

-0.5 ^ 0.5 => Not a Number (NaN)

3 ^ "e" => expression type mismatch

Subtraction -

Operator: -

The subtraction operator - is used to subtract several values. The values can be of the following type:

number
duration
datetime
concept-set

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

Returns a new value that is the result of subtracting value2 from value1. The type of the resulting value depends on the types of value1 and value2:

number - number returns a number
duration - duration returns a duration
datetime - duration returns a datetime
concept-set - concept-set returns a concept-set

value1 - value2

37 - 7=> 30

'1d' - '12h' => 12 hours

Today() - '2d' => day before yesterday

{ 'concept1', 'concept2', 'concept3'} - { 'concept1', 'concept3' } => { 'concept2' }

'1d' - 12 => expression type mismatch

Unequality <>

Operator: <>

The Unequality <> operator is used to compare two values and to check whether these values are not equal. The <> operator can be used to compare values of any type - though the compared values must be of the same type -

This function is SQL compatible. For more information about SQL compatibility, see our documentation.

The result of the <> operator is a Yes/No. The result is Yes when compared values are not equal. The result is No when compared values are equal.

value1 <> value2

37 <> 7=> Yes

"Some Text" <> "Some other Text"=> Yes

Now() <> Today()=> Yes

false <> true=> Yes

1234 <> 1234 => No

"1234" <> 1234 => expression type mismatch